What Skills Do Engineers Need for Future Substations?

As the power sector rapidly transitions toward digitalization, renewable integration, and automation, the role of substation engineers is evolving. Future substations will be smart, digital, eco-friendly, and cybersecure—and engineers will need new skill sets to design, test, and operate them.

At VSS Power Engineering Services, we work at the frontlines of digital substations, smart grids, and HV testing, and we know what the engineers of tomorrow must be ready for.

1. Strong Knowledge of IEC 61850 & Digital Communication

• Future substations are digital-first. Engineers must understand IEC 61850 protocols, station bus, process bus, and interoperability.

• Skills in configuring Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) and merging units are essential.

2. Expertise in Protection & Automation Systems

• Advanced relay coordination, protection schemes, and automation logic will be critical.

• Engineers must work with numerical relays, SCADA systems, and substation automation architectures.

3. Cybersecurity Awareness

• As substations go digital, they face cyber threats. Engineers must:

  • Understand network security fundamentals.

  • Implement encryption, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems (IDS).

  • Stay updated with NERC CIP, IEC 62351, and local cybersecurity regulations.

4. Digital Tools & Data Analytics

• Future substations rely on real-time data and digital twins.

• Engineers need skills in:

  • SCADA, IoT, and big data platforms.

  • Using AI/ML for predictive maintenance and fault detection.

  • Simulation tools for load flow and stability analysis.

5. Renewable Integration & Grid Flexibility

• Engineers must know how to integrate solar, wind, and storage with substations.

• Familiarity with microgrids, DERs (Distributed Energy Resources), and V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) is a must.

6. Knowledge of Eco-Friendly Alternatives to SF₆

• With growing regulations, engineers must explore alternatives like:

  • g³ (Green Gas for Grid)

  • Vacuum switchgear

  • Air-insulated technologies

These require new design and maintenance approaches.

7. Project Management & Interdisciplinary Collaboration

• Engineers will work alongside IT, cybersecurity experts, and renewable specialists.

• Skills in project management, teamwork, and client communication will be as valuable as technical expertise.

8. Continuous Learning & Adaptability

• The energy sector evolves fast—from AI to blockchain to smart meters.

• Engineers must stay adaptable and commit to lifelong learning through training, certifications, and hands-on projects.

Conclusion

The substations of the future will be digital, smart, and sustainable. To thrive, engineers must master IEC 61850, protection systems, cybersecurity, renewable integration, and data-driven tools.

At VSS Power Engineering Services, we not only deliver cutting-edge testing and commissioning solutions but also help engineers develop the skills they need to stay ahead in this digital energy era.